HBMT 2103: TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN YEAR TWO

Introduction Volume of Liquid

Volume of liquid is the new topic for students in Year 2. We are measuring in daily. As this topic is importance and useful in daily, measuring is probably introduce to our students who are in KBSR learning system. We almost measure in our life time. Thus, it has a lot of measurement for practical in real life situations.

Before we start the measurement, we must catch up our pupils mind concept. The concept is more importance than introduce the units of volume. As we know, there are many mathematically concepts and procedures which state on measurement and number concepts. In the beginning, we must try to create the situation which is similar with their life world. This is because the analogy will motivate the children to learn further. It will provide them with the real experience and to be linked to abstract concept the in future.

Misconception on Capacity

For this purpose, we should guide them to identify the attribute for volume of liquid. The first step to teach this topic is the activities in comparisons beside introduce the related vocabularies. We can show the difference containers by asking them to guess which container can hold more.

Hence, we need to be careful and know about the misconception among our pupils. May be they are lack of the knowledge on capacity. They are always misconception on the capacity and the length. While perceptual comparison made between two difference containers, our pupils often confuse the comparison on length with the capacity. Normally, when we asked them which container holds more, they will answer they taller container holds more than the shorter container. Therefore, is better we begin with identify the capacity by using direct comparisons.

Short Video from Internet

Normally we teach our pupils by using standard units especially in teaching Mathematics and Science. Below is a video that shows clearly and explanation in detail how to measure the volume of liquid by using difference sizes of graduated cylinder.

For teaching Mathematics, as a teacher always create the teaching aids which are suitable with students in the class. The teaching and learning activities are my plans for teaching Volume of Liquid for high achiever pupils and low achiever pupils by using 2 sets of teaching aids for year 2 syllabus.

Teaching Aids (A)

Lucky draw box, table tennis balls

A big jug with water, a drinking glass

Symbol cards with numerals

Difference sizes of containers

Teaching and learning activities (high achiever pupils)

Topic: Volume of Liquid

Learning area: Measuring and comparing volume of liquid

Learning objective:

At the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to measure and compare volume of liquid by direct comparison and by using uniform non- standard units.

Learning outcomes:

1. Compare the volume of liquid by direct comparison.
2. Measure volume of liquid using uniform non-standard units.

Teaching Aids:
Different sizes of containers, a jug of water, a drinking glass, symbol cards, lucky draw box and three table tennis balls with label

Procedures:

1. Show all of the containers with labels on the table.

2. Ask a pupils to pick a number balls from the lucky draw box.


3. Select the pairs of containers according to the number ball.


4. Pose the question, such as “between the pairs of containers, which container can hold more?”
5. Pupils try to fill up the container with water by a drinking glass.


6. All the pupils count together the number of drinking glasses needed to fill up the containers.
7. Teacher states on the capacity of the containers are the same although there are difference sizes in length.
8. Divide the pupils into group of four and have them work in their cooperative learning groups.
9. Appoint one student to be the recorder in the group.
10. Give each group a set of containers of different sizes, a jug of water and a drinking glass as the measurement tools.
11. Each group will record the number of glasses needed to fill the water in every containers into the worksheet given.
12. Teacher discusses the answer with pupils.

Work sheet (for high achiever pupils)

Conclusion:

For these activities, the pupils will release that the difference length of containers may have the same capacity. To identify the capacity of containers, we must measure them and can’t make the decision on length of the containers used.

Teaching and learning activities below are suitable for low achiever pupils by using the same teaching aids.

Teaching and learning activities (low achiever pupils)

Topic: Volume of Liquid

Learning Area: measuring and comparing volume of liquid

Learning Objective:

At the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to identify and compare volume of liquid by direct comparison and by using uniform non- standard units

Learning Outcomes:

1. Compare the volume of liquid by direct comparison.
2. Understand and use the vocabulary related to volume of liquid.

Teaching Aids:

Different sizes of containers, a jug of water, a drinking glass, lucky draw box and six table tennis balls with label

Procedures:

1. Show all the containers on the table.

container 1

container 2

container 3

container 4

container 5

container 6

2. Teacher introduces the vocabularies:

• Hold more than
• Hold less than

3. Call two pupils to come in frond. Each of them picks a number ball from the lucky draw box. For example, pupil A picks number 1 and pupil B picks number 6.

4. Pose the question, such as “between the pairs of containers, which container can hold more?”

5. Call four pupils come in frond and make into groups of two.

6. Pupils try to fill up the container with water by a drinking glass.

7. The other pupils count the number of glasses water needed to contain in the selected containers.

8. Teacher guides the pupils to say aloud "container 1 hold more water than container 6."

9. Teacher asks pupils sit into four in a group.

10. Teacher distributes the worksheet to each groups.

11. Pupils discuss in their group and try to finish the task.

12. Teacher discusses the answer with pupils.

Work sheet (for low achiever pupils)

Conclusion:

For these activities, the pupils can identify the capacity of difference containers, they must measure them and can’t make the decision on length of the containers used. Besides, the low achiever pupils can understand and use the vocabulary related to volume of liquid.

Teaching aids below shown my second set of materials which suitable for high and low achiever students in year 2. All the materials are easy get and perhaps can help them to understand better.

Teaching Aids (B)

a large bucket

a drinking glass

a bottle

a teapot

a big bottle

Teaching and learning activities (high achiever students)

Topic: Volume of Liquid

Learning area: measuring and comparing volume of liquid

Learning objective:

At the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to measure and compare volume of liquid by using uniform non- standard units

Learning outcomes:

1. Estimate the capacity of difference containers
2. Measure and compare the volume of liquid by using non-standard units

Teaching Aids:

a bucket, a drinking glass, a teapot , two difference sizes of bottles

Procedures:

1. Divide the class into groups of four pupils and have them to work in their cooperative groups.
2. Teacher distributes a task sheet for each group.
3. Appoint a pupils in each group to be recorder.
4. Give each group a set of the learning materials. There are a bucket, a drinking glass, a teapot and two difference sizes of bottles.
5. The pupils must estimate the number of glasses of water needed to fill the teapot and the difference sizes of bottles.
6. Pupils fill the water in the bucket into the materials given by using the purple glass.
7. The recorder record all the measurement in the task sheet given.
8. Have the pupils write their findings in the statement given in the task sheet.
9. Instruct the pupils to arrange the three containers (bottle, teapot and big bottle) in ascending order.
10. Praise the group which can estimate correctly.

The task sheet below shown the table for each group to estimate and measure the volume of liquid according to the materials given.

Task sheet ( For high achiever students)

Conclusion:

For these activities, the high achiever students will release that the difference length of containers may have the difference capacity. To identify the capacity of containers, we must measure them and can’t make the decision on length of the containers used. Estimation can encourage students to think logically and make the correct decision in real life.

Teaching and learning activities (low achiever students)

Topic: Volume of Liquid

Learning area: measuring and comparing volume of liquid

Learning objective:

At the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to measure and compare volume of liquid by using uniform non- standard units

Learning outcomes:

1. Measure the volume of liquid by using non-standard units
2. Compare the volume of liquid by using non-standard units

Teaching Aids:

a bucket, a drinking glass, a teapot , two difference sizes of bottles

Procedures:

1. Teacher shows the teapot and the bottle.

2. Pose the question, "Children, between these two containers, which container can hold more water?"

3. Let pupils give the answer and tell the reason or opinion for the answer.

4. Ask four pupils to demonstrate and fill up the water into the containers in frond the class.

5. Teacher distributes a task sheet for each student.

6. Show the big bottle.

7. Ask two pupils to fill up the water and the others pupils count together the amount of glasses of the measurement.

8. Record the answer into the task sheet.

9. Repeat the steps to measure the volume of teapot and bottle.

10. Record all the measurement into the task sheet.

11.Have the pupils write their findings in the statement given in the task sheet.

12.Instruct the pupils to arrange the three containers (bottle, teapot and big bottle) in ascending order.

Task sheet ( for low achiever students)

Conclusion:

For these activities, the low achiever students can identify the capacity of the containers, they must measure them and can’t make the decision on length of the containers used. Besides, the low achiever students can understand the measurement better related to their real situation.

References:

Kennedy, L.M., & Tipps, S. (2000). Guiding Children's Learning of Mathematics. Allyn & Wadsworth, US.

Liew Su Tim & Cham Juat Eng. (2003). Mathematics Textbook Year 2 (Part 2). Kuala Lumpur:YPJ Publications & Distributions Sdn Bhd.

Bahagian Pendidkan Guru, KPM. (1998). Pembinaan Sumber Pengajaran & Pembelajaran Matematik Sekolah Rendah: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Selangor Darul Ehsan